2002 - PhD Chemistry, Rhodes University, South Africa

1998 - MSc Chemistry, University of the Free State, South Africa

1995 - BSc Chemistry & Physics, University of the Free State, South Africa

1966 - MEng Control Systems, University of Canterbury, NZ

1964 - BScEng Electrical Engineering & Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa

1994 - PhD Mechanical Engineering, University of Bradford - IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, UK

1989 - MSc Computer Aided Engineering, Staffordshire Polytechnic, UK

1986 – BEng (Hons) Mineral Process Engineering, Camborne School of Mines, UK

1983 - PhD Physics, University of Canterbury, NZ

1980 - MSc Physics, University of Canterbury, NZ

1978 - BSc (Hons) Physics, University of Canterbury, NZ

2007 - PhD Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa

2003 - MSc Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa

1998 - BSc Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa

1995 - PhD Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, US

2005 - MBA Technology Management, Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France

1995 - PhD Chemistry, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), UK

1991 - BSc (1st Hons), University of Essex, UK

2004 - Graduate Certificate in Trademark Law & Practice, University of Technology, Australia