1970 - PhD Reproductive Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
1967 - MSc Reproduction & Embryology, University of North Wales, UK
1969 - BSc (Hons) Zoology, University of London, UK
2005 - PhD Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, US
2002 - MSc Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, US
2000 - BSc Mathematics & Chemistry, Harding University, US
1998 - BSc Environmental Protection and Conservation management, Surrey University, UK
MB ChB (New Zealand Medical Degree), University of Otago, NZ